Justice, Constitutional Affairs and National Cohesion minister Martha Karua has accused the police of killing innocent people under the pretext that they are criminals.The minister said innocent Kenyans are being killed by police, who are supposed to protect them.“Many families are now living in fear. We need to get to the bottom of the matter. As a government and police we have failed to respond,” Ms Karua told the Sunday Nation by phone on Sunday.She was speaking ahead of the Saturday's burial of James Ng’anga, a son of former Gatundu MP Patrick Muiruri. Mr Ngang’a was buried at his father’s farm in Gatundu.He was killed near Sarit Centre in Nairobi two weeks ago. A police officer has since been charged with the killing.The minister said there was an urgent need to reform the police and weed out rogue elements. Elsewhere, assistant minister Asman Kamama has accused police of harassing members of the Pokot community conducting business in Samburu and Laikipia districts.He claimed that security officers working along the Maralal-Rumuruti border were harassing Pokots without valid reasons.AttackedThe Baringo East MP demanded a thorough investigation into a recent incident in which people on a tour with Security minister George Saitoti were allegedly attacked by bandits in the area.Mr Kamama alleged that the incident was stage-managed to implicate and punish members of the Pokot community.Prof Saitoti and a team of top police and provincial administration personnel from Nairobi and Rift Valley toured the area three weeks ago to assess the security situation.It later emerged that the entourage was attacked and the provincial Administration Police commander injured.“The security intelligence should fully investigate the incident and come out with facts of what happened,” said Mr Kamama.He spoke as leaders from the community said they would continue to fight for the rights of the Pokot despite the challenges involved.“We are the leaders and will not be intimidated in the fight for our peoples’ rights,” he said.He said leaders from neighbouring communities should be sincere in fighting insecurity and lead from the front.He also told leaders who have been involved in corrupt deals to step aside.

Some of our earliest human ancestors (Homo erectus and Homo habilis) walked on East African ground more than 2 million years ago. Several skulls and fragments has been found in Kenya and neighbouring countries. The Khoisan-speakers are the first modern people known to inhabit East Africa. They are followed by Cushitic people (from north), Bantu speaking groups (from Central Africa), Nilotes (from Sudan) as well as Oromos and Somalis (from Ethiopia).Arabian and Portuguese traders/invaders8th century AD: The first visits by Arabian and Persian traders to East Africa are made. Some Arab traders stays in the region and brings a Muslim influence to the culture. Most areas of Kenya are inhabited at this time, but most trade and development takes place in the coastal region. Trade with ivory, rhino horn, gold, shells and slaves makes Mombasa, Malindi and the Islands Lamu, and Pate into important centres of trade.The 15th century: The Coast is rich and the cities are great in this period. It becomes the first centre of trade out of Africa. The African groups on the coast gradually forms the Swahili culture adapting Islam as their religion. The common religion makes way for better understanding and business with the Arabs. Religious beliefs (Islam and later Christianity) also gives status in society (this can still be seen in the pride of many religious people in Africa). Some Africans may have turned to Islam simply to avoid being sold as slaves. The Swahili were mainly black Africans and it were these people who build the great cities along the coast.The Swahili people makes a fortune on trade and forms business families. They are able to communicate better with the foreign traders as the Kiswahili language develops. They also serves as middlemen for those wanting to sell gold and Ivory from deep within the continent.The trade net grows to cover Africa, Arabia, Persia, India and China. It is recorded that traders even succeeds to send a live Giraffe all the way the Emperor of China.1498: Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches East Africa with ships and guns. Until now most meetings with foreigners has been relative peaceful, but the Portuguese are eager to get their hands on the rich trade around the Indian Ocean. The Swahili people gives Vasco da Gama what he wants: They direct him on the way to India -and are happy to sea him leave. (See also Mozambique Timeline).1505: The Portuguese invades, slaughters and robs most cities on the East Coast of Africa. Dom Francisco de Almeida arrives with 23 ships and approximately 1500 soldiers. Mombasa is bombed and the occupied by Portuguese troops.The next 200 years are marked by the fights between the Arabs and the Portuguese for control of the region. The main losers in this long struggle are the Africans, seeing their towns destroyed all along the coast.1585 and 1589: The Ottoman Turks tries to regain their power on the Kenyan Coast but are beaten by the Portuguese. Portugal starts a brutal colonial rule and exploitation of the Africans and their resources. With weapons in hand they try to convert people into Catholicism, but Islam has already grown strong on the coast. The Portuguese Fort Jesus in Mombasa. Photo: © Jacob Crawfurd. View more photos from Mombasa.1593: Mombasa becomes the local centre of Portuguese power. Fort Jesus is constructed in Mombasa harbour to defend the city from the seaside and also against a growing resistance among the Swahili people. 1698: Fort Jesus and Mombasa are finally lost to the Arabs after 33 months of siege. After a few years the Portuguese has left Kenya completely. Arab sultans now rules over different parts of the coast.19th Century: The European countries starts a race of land grabbing in Africa. In East Africa it is mainly Germany and England competing in making colonies and protectorates. By now a political pressure has influenced Britain to try and stop the African slave trade.1822: The Sultan of Oman (Sayyid Said) sends an army to East Africa. He claims control of all Swahili dynasties along the coast. The local Swahili clans resists to give up their power and asks Britain for help. Two warships are send from Britain and the captain declares the Mombasa region for British protectorate. The protectorate is given up after 3 years.1832: The sultan of Oman moves with his court to Zanzibar. He starts plantations of cloves and develops trade routes deeper into Africa. Spice production and export of Ivory and slaves are an important economic injection for the Sultan's empire.1847: The first European missionaries starts traveling west and exploring more of Kenya. The Germans, Krapf and Rebmann, are the first to reach Taita Hills and later gives the first reports of seeing Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya.May 1, 1873 : Dr. David Livingstone dies in Central Africa. His body is carried on a month-long journey to Zanzibar.1877: the Sultan offers the company British East Africa a concession of administration in East Africa. The British completely ignores the Swahili people -only negotiating with the Sultan on Zanzibar. Their racist prejudices makes them believe that the East African Coast has only developed because of the Arabs.British Crown Colony1886: The European colonial powers divides Africa between them at a conference in Berlin. Germany and Britain are the main players in the game of control with East Africa. The Sultan of Oman is still granted a strip on the Coastline.1888: Imperial British East Africa starts "economic development" in their possessions (today's Kenya and Uganda). 1894: Jomo Kenyatta is born in Ichaweri.Kenya covers 224,960 square miles (slightly smaller than Texas) and sits upon the equator, on the eastern coast of the African continent. Its coastal region is on the southeast, and to the east lays Somalia. Ethiopia is to the north, the Sudan to the northwest, and Uganda directly to the west. The southwestern border of the country is marked by Lake Victoria, and southward lays Tanzania. Kenya's geography is marvelously varied. While much of northeastern Kenya is a flat, bush-covered plain, the remainder of the country encompasses pristine beaches, scenic highlands and lake regions, the Great Rift Valley, and the magnificent Mount Kenya.For a full century, Kenya has drawn great people, from Ernest Hemingway to Teddy Roosevelt, and few people visit here only once. The Great Rift Valley, an expanding fault line, stretches from the Red Sea to Mozambique, and is visible from the moon. When the rift began about 30 million years ago, it created a basin that filled with rain, creating a series of lakes from Magadi in the south to Baringo in the north. Volcanic activity accompanied this shift, creating Kilimanjaro, Mt. Kenya, Longonot, the Ngong and Chyulu Hills. The most fertile land, usurped from Africans, were called the White Highlands, and are still home to cattle ranches, coffee and tea plantations.
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